Modulation
the varying of amplitude, frequency, or phase.
See Also: Optical Modulation, Modulation Analysis, Modulation Analyzers, Modulation Meters, MER
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Optical Modulation
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Unlocking the potential of optical modulation at Exail involves navigating a landscape of challenges. Essential objectives include high-speed modulation for efficient data transmission, precise modulation depth control, and minimizing signal distortion. Managing power consumption and ensuring stability across varied environmental conditions are equally critical. These challenges propel us to refine and innovate, meeting the dynamic demands of tomorrow's optical applications.
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Optical Modulation Index
OMI
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*Automatically measures OMI*Helps to optimize transmitters in just minutes*Eliminates the need for expensive equipment*Useful for multiple CATV system procedures*DOCSIS 3.1 compatible
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Optical Modulation Analyzer
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Signaling has migrated from simple on-off keying to complex modulation formats such as DP-QPSK and PM-16QAM. Advanced test tools are required to test the latest communication systems for 100G, 400G, 1Tb/s and beyond. Tektronix is the only test and measurement vendor that can offer a complete coherent optical test system from signal generation, to modulation, acquisition, and analysis.
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Modulation Distortion Up To 8.5 GHz
S930700B
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S930700B enables fast and accurate active-device modulation distortion characterization under modulated stimulus condition up to 8.5 GHz. The wide dynamic range and vector error correction of the PNA-X result in an extremely low residual EVM of the test setup, so you can get a complete picture of your device’s performance without test system interference. S930700B can measure EVM, NPR, ACPR, and can decompose nonlinear signals and linear signals with the spectral correlation between input and output spectrum without doing demodulation. Integration with the PNA-X SCCM provides quick modulation distortion measurements while making other VNA measurements.
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Optical Modulation Analyzer
OMA
Analyzer
In partnership with Tektronix, we bring you a high-performing and flexible OMA system that will meet your requirements today and into the future.With the market-leading performance of Quantifi Photonics’ IQRX coherent receiver and the scalable architecture of Tektronix’s high-performing oscilloscopes, you’ll get the most out of your investment. Use the stack as a single 70GHz OMA system, or use it as four independent oscilloscopes.Whether you are working with 100G coherent transceivers or 1 Terabit long haul communication systems, our OMA can be configured to suit your exact requirements.
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Modulation Distortion Up To 70 GHz
S930707B
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S930707B enables fast and accurate active-device modulation distortion characterization under modulated stimulus condition up to 70 GHz. The wide dynamic range and vector error correction of the PNA-X result in an extremely low residual EVM of the test setup, so you can get a complete picture of your device’s performance without test system interference. S930707B can measure EVM, NPR, ACPR, and can decompose nonlinear signals and linear signals with the spectral correlation between input and output spectrum without doing demodulation. Integration with the PNA-X SCCM provides quick modulation distortion measurements while making other VNA measurements.
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Modulation Measurement System
MMC
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This connector panel is used to bring test signals from the rear side of a rack up to the front side of the rack so that measurements can be made without climbing in behind the rack.
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Signal, Spectrum, & Modulation Analyzers
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A tool used to analyze data. For example, a gas analyzer[1] tool is used to analyze gases. It examines the given data and tries to find patterns and relationships. An analyser can be a piece of hardware or software.
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Stream Processing & Modulation
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MediaKind’s broad range of Video Processing Management products are engineered for the full range of control and monitoring needs and applications.
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Modulation Distortion Up To 50 GHz
S930705B
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S930705B enables fast and accurate active-device modulation distortion characterization under modulated stimulus condition up to 50 GHz. The wide dynamic range and vector error correction of the PNA-X result in an extremely low residual EVM of the test setup, so you can get a complete picture of your device’s performance without test system interference. S930704B can measure EVM, NPR, ACPR, and can decompose nonlinear signals and linear signals with the spectral correlation between input and output spectrum without doing demodulation. Integration with the PNA-X SCCM provides quick modulation distortion measurements while making other VNA measurements.
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Analog Modulation and Frequency-Dependent Measurements
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Modern lightwave transmission systems require accurate and repeatable characterization of their optoelectronic, optical and electrical components to guarantee high-speed performance.
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Modulation Distortion Up To 53 GHz
S95070B
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S95070B software enables fast and accurate active device modulation distortion characterization under modulated stimulus conditions up to 53 GHz. The wide dynamic range and vector error correction of the PXI VNA results in an extremely low residual EVM from the test setup, giving you a complete picture of your device’s performance without test system interference. S95070B software measures EVM, NPR, ACPR, and decomposes nonlinear signals and linear signals through spectral correlation between the input and output spectrum, without doing demodulation. Integration with the PXI VNA’s measurement flexibility enables you to do quick modulation distortion measurements along with traditional VNA tests.
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Modulation Distortion Up To 13.5 GHz
S930701B
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S930701B enables fast and accurate active-device modulation distortion characterization under modulated stimulus condition up to 13.5 GHz. The wide dynamic range and vector error correction of the PNA-X result in an extremely low residual EVM of the test setup, so you can get a complete picture of your device’s performance without test system interference. S930701B can measure EVM, NPR, ACPR, and can decompose nonlinear signals and linear signals with the spectral correlation between input and output spectrum without doing demodulation. Integration with the PNA-X SCCM provides quick modulation distortion measurements while making other VNA measurements.
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Optical Modulation Analyzer and High-speed Digitizer Test Solution
M8290A
Optical Receiver
The M8290A is a flexible solution platform for 400G coherent component and transmitter test. It incorporates a 92 GSa/s modular optical modulation analyzer and a 92 GSa/s 4-channel electrical digitizer. Besides these modules an additional arbitrary waveform generator module up to 92 GSa/s, such as the M8196A, can be added to the same AXIe chassis. This setup results in a compact and flexible coherent test solution that can be used together with additional specialized solution software for Integrated Coherent Receiver (ICR) and Analog Coherent Optical (ACO) module characterization.
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Modulation Distortion For E5081A Up To 20 GHz
S960704B
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The Keysight S960704B modulation distortion software application enables fast and accurate active device modulation distortion characterization under modulated signal conditions up to 20 GHz. The wide dynamic range and vector error correction of the ENA-X yield an extremely low residual EVM of the test setup, delivering a complete picture of your device’s signal distortion performance without test system interference. S960704B software measures EVM, NPR, ACPR, and decomposes linear and nonlinear signals by spectrally correlating input and output spectrum without needing to demodulate. Integration with the ENA-X measurement flexibility enables quick modulated signal distortion measurements along with traditional VNA tests.
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Arbitrary Load Control For Modulation Distortion
S94570B
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Extend the modulation distortion application by computing figure of merits such as EVM and ACPR for any desired load with arbitrary load control (ALC). Modulation distortion with ALC integrates the powerful capabilities of the PNA-X with an electromechanical tuner so a non-50 Ω load can be presented to the DUT and changes in device performance or sensitivity to varying load conditions can be accurately measured.
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3MHz Multi-Waveform Signal Generator with Modulation
Model MSGM3M
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- 0.3Hz to 3MHz Frequency Output in 8 Ranges- Versatile Waveforms: Sine, Square, Triangle, Ramp, Pulse and DC outputs- Standard AM, Balance AM, FM, ASK, FSK, PWM Modulation and Sweep Mode- Internal / External Modulation
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Modular Optical Modulation Analyzer
M8292A
Optical Receiver
Optimized for the 400G speed class, the M8292A optical modulation analyzer provides a compact, faceless and rack-mountable test instrument that connects to the optical output of coherent transmitters. It leverages the full feature set of Keysight's vector signal analyzer and optical modulation analyzer software ensuring a known-good customer experience for analyzing complex modulated data signals.
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PXI/PXIe MEMS RF Multiplexer, Dual 4-Channel, 4GHz, 50Ω, MCX
40-878-222
Multiplexer Module
The module is based on the latest micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) switching technology and has low insertion loss and VSWR. In addition, MEMS devices have a long operational life of >3 billion operations and benefit from an operating time of <20 μs allowing greater test system throughput. The multiplexers have excellent and repeatable RF characteristics beyond 4 GHz with each path having a nominally equal insertion loss.
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PXI/PXIe Wide Current Range Multiplexer Module, Single 24-Channel, 1-Pole
42-514-108
Multiplexer Module
The 40-514-107 (PXI) and 42-514-107 (PXIe) are low density multiplexers in dual 12-channel, 1-pole configuration. They are capable of switching a wide range of current, from 10 μA to 2.5 A at 220 VDC/250 VAC. The current capability of the module permits the use of a single module type for both low and medium current test applications.
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PXI Solid State MUX, 4 bank, 40 channel
40-680-004
Multiplexer Module
Based on FET switches, the multiplexers have no wear out mechanism and include fault protection that ensures the multiplexer automatically disconnects when PXI power is not applied. Available configurations for the 40-680 range vary from a single 160 to 1 MUX to a 20-bank, 8 to 1 MUX in a single PXI module.
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PXI Microwave Transfer Switch, Single, 26.5 GHz, 50 Ω, SMA, Failsafe, Remote Mount
40-782B-531-E
Switch Module
The 40-782B-531-E (PXI) and 42-782B-531-E (PXIe) single failsafe transfer switches with remotely mounted relays are part of our range of PXI microwave switching modules. They have a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω and a maximum operating frequency of 26.5 GHz. Connections are made via front panel mounted high quality SMA coaxial connectors.
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LXI Low Thermal EMF Matrix 1-pole 14x33
60-510-004
Matrix Switch Module
The 60-510 is a high density 1-pole matrix module controlled via LXI. It has excellent thermal stability and substantially reduced thermal EMF figures when compared to a conventional switching matrix. Typical applications include signal routing in ATE, selecting thermocouple inputs, switching amplifier gain circuits and high accuracy DC micro-volt measurements. Ruthenium reed switches are used because of their good low level switching capability. They also have a very long life with excellent contact resistance stability, minimal wetting current and low thermal offset. The 60-510 is designed in accordance with the LXI Standard 1.4 and is supplied in a 2U high, full rack width case with 500mm depth.
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PXI Dual 2x2 RF Matrix 2.5GHz 50 SMB
40-877-002
Matrix Switch Module
The 40-877-002 is a 50Ω 2x2 RF matrix with 2 banks in a single PXI slot. Loop-thru connections are provided on both the X and Y axis allowing the attachment of terminations for unused signals or for expansion to other matrices. Larger matrices are easily built with varied X and Y dimensions, such as 8x2 and 4x4 using multiple 40-877 modules. The module has low insertion loss and VSWR through the use of modern RF relay technology at an affordable cost.
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PXI/PXIe High Density Precision Resistor Module, 3-Channel
40-297A-155
Programmable Resistor Modules
The 40-297A-155 (PXI) and the 42-297A-155 (PXIe) are 3-channel programmable resistors with a range of 3 Ω to 43.8 MΩ. They are part of the 40/42-297A series of high density precision resistor modules and provide a simple solution for applications requiring accurate simulation of resistive sensors.
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Product
12-Ch 10A-250VAC RCV Power Distribution Unit
YAVAR438
Switch Module
- Hardware controlled Enable Input- 12 Power relays up to 10A 250VAC/DC and 300W or 2.700VA switching power- 12 10-mOhm shunt resistors.- 6 Switched 2-Pole sense channels- Single phase isolated or 3-Phases non-isolated switching capabilities, to or from the device under test (power or load)- VPC TriPaddle 96 pins connector.- NI LabView & TestStand driver.- .NET, C/C++, VB driver.- Soft Front panel for direct interface.- CAN Control or Ethernet (with Ethernet to CAN Gateway).- Self-test module available.- Form A
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PXI 2A Multiplexer, 4-Bank, 16-Channel 2-Pole
40-614-007
Multiplexer Module
The 40-614 High Density 2 Amp multiplexer module is available in 20 configurations. All configurations use high quality electro-mechanical signal relays allowing each channel to switch current up to 2A and voltage up to 200VDC/140VACThe module is suitable for signal routing in ATE and data acquisition systems. User connections are made via a front panel 160-pin DIN 41612 connector which is fully supported by our range of cabling and connector solutions.
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8/16-CH 16-Bit 250 kS/s Multi-Function USB DAQ Modules (OEM Version Available)
USB-1901/1902/1903
Data Acquisition Module
The ADLINK USB-1900 series provides a range of USB 2.0-based multi-functional DAQ modules. The USB-1901 and USB-1902 16-bit 250 kS/s USB 2.0-based high-performance DAQ modules allow four different voltage input ranges, while the USB-1903 features additional built-in precision current-tovoltage resistors capable of direct measurement of current signal from 0 to 20 mA. The USB-1900 series is USB bus powered and equipped with removable screw-down terminals for easy device connectivity. The attached multi-functional stand can be used for desktop, rail, or wall mounting. Suitable for mixed-signal tests, laboratory research, and factory automation, the USB-1900 series provide a simple measurement solution at an affordable price.
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PXI/PXIe RF Matrix, 16x4, 300 MHz, 50 Ω SMB With Loop-thru
42-727A-001-L
Matrix Switch Module
The 40-727A-001-L (PXI) and 42-727A-001-L (PXIe) are 16x4 50 Ω RF matrices with SMB connectors and Y-axis loop-thru. The 4x-727A/728A/729A range are high density RF matrix modules suitable for switching up to 300 MHz in 50 Ω or 100 MHz in 75 Ω. They are available in 50 Ω or 75 Ω versions with SMB connectors or in 50 Ω versions with a multiway connector.
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PXI/PXIe MEMS Optical MUX, 8-Channel, Single-Mode
40-852A-218
Multiplexer Module
The 40/42-852A-218 is a PXI/PXIe 8-channel multiplexer with SC/PC connectors and is part of Pickering's range of PXI Fiber Optic MEMS Switching modules. They are available in many high density formats with a choice of different connector styles to suit most applications: FC/APC (for optimal performance), FC/PC and SC/PC for general applications and LC and MU for high density applications.
